ရခိုင္ျပည္ ျပားေတာက ႏြီးထြီးစြာ ႀကိဳဆိုပါေရ

ျပားေတာမဟိန္႕ေက အသက္မရွင္ႏိုင္ဆိုေရ ေဆာင္ပုဒ္ကို စြဲကိုင္ပနာ ရခိုင္ျပည္ဟိန္႕ ျပားေတာတိကို ထိန္းသိမ္းလားကတ္ပါေမ။

Saturday, January 30, 2010

ျပားေတာက ရႀဟိေသာ အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးတိ

ျပားေတာနန္႕သတ္သက္လို႕ ဗဟုသုတတိကို မွ်၀ီျခင္းျဖစ္ပါေရ။ ျပားေတာနန္႕ပတ္သက္လုိ႕ အကၽြန္ထက္ သိတတ္နားလည္လူတိအမ်ားႀကီး ဟိန္႕လီဖို႕ဆိုစြာ အကၽြန္ယံုၾကည္ပါေရ။ အမွားပါေက ေစတနာနန္႕ ေထာက္ျပပီးကတ္ပါလို႕ မိတၱာရပ္ခံပါေရ။

ျပားေတာနန္႕ပတ္သက္လို႕
တိုင္းတာလို႕ရေရ အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးတိနန္႕ တိုင္းတာလို႕မရေရအက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးတိ ဆိုပနာ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးခြဲျခားလုိ႕ရပါေရ။
တိုင္းတာလို႕ရေရ အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးတိ
(၁) သစ္ေတာထြက္ပစၥည္း (သစ္၊ တိုင္၊ ေမ်ာ၊ မီးသြီး၊ ထင္း)
(၂) သစ္ေတာထြက္ပစၥည္း အေသးအဖြဲေခ်တိ (အုန္း၊ႀကိမ္၊ဖ်ာ၊ ျမက္ဘယဆီး၊ပ်ားရည္၊ ဆိုးဆီ)
(၃) ျပားေတာ သစ္မ်ိဳးတခ်ိဳ႕ရို႕ အရြက္တိကို ကၽြဲ၊ႏြား အစာအျဖစ္ ေကၽြးေမြးႏိုင္ပါေရ။

တိုင္းတာလို႕မရေရ အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးတိ
(၁) ပင္လယ္လႈိင္းဒါဏ္ကာကြယ္ျခင္း၊
(၂) လီျပင္းမုန္တိုင္း၊ ဆိုင္ကလုန္း၊ ရာဟုလီ စေရ ဒါဏ္ ကာကြယ္ျခင္း၊ (ျပားေတာတိ ဟိန္႕ျခင္းျဖင့္ လီျပင္းမုန္တိုင္း ဒါဏ္ ကို သက္သာစီပါေရ)
(၃) ျပားေတာတိအတြင္း က်ဳပ္နစ္(ႏႈံး)တိပို႕ခ်ျခင္းျဖင့္ ျမစ္၊ေခ်ာင္းတိအတြင္း သဲေသာင္ျပင္ ျဖစ္ထြန္းမႈ ကို ေလ်ာ့နည္းစီျခင္း။
(၄) ျမစ္ေၾကာင္းနန္႕ ပင္လယ္ကမ္းေျခတည္ၿငိမ္မႈကို ျဖစ္ေပၚစီျခင္း။
(၅) ျပားေတာ သစ္ပင္တိ အရြက္၊အျမစ္၊ သစ္ကိုင္း၊ အေခါက္ဆြီးအပိုင္းအစတိေရ ငါး၊ပဇြန္ အစဟိေရ ရီနီ သတၱ၀ါတိအတြက္ ေပါင္းပြားရာ၊ နားခိုရာနန္႕ အဓိက အစာအဟာရအျဖစ္ေထာက္ပံ့ပီးေရ နီရာျဖစ္ျခင္း ( ျပားေတာ တဧက က တႏွစ္မာ ငါး၊ ပဇြန္တိအတြက္ အစာအျဖစ္ မက္ထရစ္ (၈)တန္ခန္႕ ေျပာင္းလဲေၾကာင္း သိဟိန္႕ရပါေရ။
(၆) ကမ္းပါးၿပိဳတိုက္စားျခင္းကို ကာကြယ္ျခင္း။
(၇) ေဆာင္းခိုငွက္တိအပါအ၀င္ ေတာရိုင္းတိရိစၦာန္တိ က်က္စားရာ ေဒသျဖစ္ျခင္း။
(၈) ျပားေတာ သဘာ၀ေဂဟ (Mangrove Ecosystem) ဆိုင္ရာ ပိုင္ညာရပ္မ်ားကို ေလ့လာျခင္းနန္႕ သုေတသနျပဳလုပ္ျခင္း။
(၉) အပန္းေျဖျခင္းနန္႕ သဘာ၀အေျခခံ ခရီးလားလုပ္ငန္းတိ ေဆာင္ရြက္ႏိုင္ျခင္း တိ ျဖစ္ပါေရ။

Pataglo (1/28/2010)
Decreasing of Mangrove forests in Arakan coastal region

Mangrove forest is life of Arakan coastal ecosystem in western of Burma. There are 414477.86 acres of mangrove forests in Arakan. A mangrove forest is third biggest forest in Arakan state. At the present, mangrove forests are decreased by shrimp farming production and firewood production for urban population. One of main reason is shrimp farming production it's made to deforest to mangrove trees in Arakan.

The traditional shrimp farming culture system is popular in Arakan. There was dominated by 97% of culture area. Shrimp farming system in Arakan state used huge area of mangrove forests. The shrimp farming were cut down a lot of mangrove trees in Myebon Township in Arakan state.

Most of people are interested to do shrimp farming production. They have been built the ponds in the mangrove forests area in Arakan it was increasing rapidly. According to local shrimp farmer estimate that the shrimp farming area in Arakan is 160,000 acres in 2004-2005. The government limited 120,000 acres for shrimp farming production when the government started to policy of shrimp farming in Arakan since 1994-95. The government couldn't control to increasing of shrimp farming.

Myebon Township in Arakan has been covered by shrimp farming to mangrove forests with 14000 acres. Decreasing of mangrove forests is negative impact on mangrove ecosystem and livelihood of local people because there are depending on the mangrove forests.

In Myebon township majority local people are farmers and fishermen. They depend on mangrove forests and creek and rivers for their survival. 8300 acres of farmland area are changed by shrimp ponds illegally. There is big problem between shrimp farmers and agricultural farmers for using land. If shrimp farmers argued for land using with farmers, army or authorities of township level keep the ponds or farmlands by force. There is one of example in Myebon Township.

By Khaing Win Shwe

Shrimp Farming, Mangrove Forests and Livelihood of Local People in Arakan State

Report Summary

Title of Report: : Shrimp Farming, Mangrove Forests and Livelihood of Local People in Arakan State

Arakan state is the main area of industrial shrimp farming in Burma. In the past decade, the mangrove forests in the coastal areas in Arakan(Rakhine) state have been decreasing. This decrease has been due to shrimp farming, firewood production and land reclamation.

in the entire state, dense mangrove forests are being destroyed due to the inefficiency of the government forestry department. Mangrove forests are in danger of extinction. The destruction of mangrove forests also has an impact on biodiversity. Wildlife is living without protection in the coastal region. Nobody protects them with conservation, resulting in extinction.

During early 2005 several businessmen, farmers and people connected to industrial shrimp farming were interviewed.

A shrimp farmer from Ranegree village said, "We want to maintain, and prevent our natural resources but they have been invaded, this situation has changed over time. Because we are no officers of the government and we have no power."

In conclusion to these interviews and research it became apparent that:

Current implementation of the shrimp farming policy causes a very wide gap between the rural people and the shrimp farming business.

Rural people need to protect their natural resources with traditional knowledge.

Rural people have no authority to conserve the mangrove forests.

SPDC are not protecting the mangrove forests.

By Khaing Win Shwe